Military Situation Update: Ukraine - April 1, 2025, 11:45 UTC
I. Overall Strategic Situation & Assessment
Combat Intensity: Remains HIGH along the Eastern Front (Pokrovsk, Lyman, Toretsk, Novopavlivsk directions) and the Kursk/Belgorod border region. The Pokrovsk Direction exhibits the highest ground combat intensity, comparable to late Jan/late 2024 levels. Ukrainian General Staff (UGS) reported 183 clashes in the 24 hours preceding 06:00 UTC Apr 1.
Russian Main Efforts: Primary offensive focus persists on the Pokrovsk direction. Sustained pressure continues towards Lyman, Toretsk, Novopavlivsk. Cross-border operations are maintained in the Kursk Operational Zone with potential intent towards Sumy Oblast. Pressure also noted on the Kupyansk and Kramatorsk (Chasiv Yar) axes. Russian sources report preparations for potential Ukrainian counter-offensive actions near Chasiv Yar. Increased Russian military movement observed via Melitopol (logistics hub).
UGS (Apr 1, 06:00 UTC) reported repelling 27 Russian assaults in the Kursk operational zone and 1 assault on the Kherson axis. RU MoD (Apr 1, 11:03 UTC) subsequently claimed inflicting over 180 personnel losses on Ukrainian forces in the Kursk direction over the past 24 hours.
OTU "Kharkiv" (Apr 1, 09:23 UTC) reported repelling 7 RU attempts near Vovchansk (Kharkiv Oblast) in the past 24 hours. Head of Kharkiv OVA (Apr 1, 10:48 UTC) confirmed Kupyansk community remains the epicenter of attacks, sustaining 7 KABs and MLRS strikes in the past day, causing casualties and infrastructure damage. March 2025 saw 4495 shelling incidents and 81 KABs against the Kupyansk community.
Key Threat Vectors: The Kursk Operational Zone remains significant due to persistent RU cross-border pressure and competing claims. The Pokrovsk Axis faces the most intense RU ground attacks. Sustained Russian air/missile/drone strikes continue against energy infrastructure and civilian areas across multiple regions.
II. Territorial Changes & Claims
Novopavlivsk Axis (South Donetsk):
CONFIRMED (RU CLAIM): Russian MoD officially announced and released video (Apr 1) confirming the capture of Rozlyv (Donetsk Oblast) by elements reportedly including the 36th GMRB & 430th MRR. RU claims the operation resulted in >150 claimed UA personnel losses. Russian sources claim Polish mercenaries constituted 90% of defenders (unverified, likely propaganda).
RU sources claim >90 sq km captured in South Donetsk direction during March.
RU sources suggest Bohatyr is the likely next RU objective in this sector.
Kursk/Sumy Border Region:
RU sources claim progressive consolidation within Kursk Oblast, asserting only Oleshnia and Gornal remain under limited UA control. Fighting claimed along Volodymyrivka–Zhuravka–Basovka line (Sumy Oblast). Advance >1 km from Melova towards Oleshnia (Kursk Oblast) claimed. RU MoD claims repelling 2 UA counter-attacks near Gornal, Guyevo, Oleshnya and inflicting losses on UA units.
CONFLICTING CLAIM (Kursk/Sumy): Some RU sources claim liberation of >390 sq km in Kursk/Sumy during March, including Sudzha. This claim, particularly regarding Sudzha, remains unverified and contradicts official Ukrainian assessments and RU MoD reporting. RU MoD released cumulative claimed UA losses for the Kursk direction since the start of border operations, figures appear significantly inflated (e.g., >71,420 troops).
Belgorod: Contested areas near Popovka/Demydovka persist (Apr 1 reports).
Toretsk Axis: Russian sources claim expansion of control near Dzerzhynsk (Toretsk). DeepState map confirms RU advance near Panteleimonivka (Mar 30).
Kupyansk Axis: DeepState map indicates RU advance near Kindrashivka.
Ukrainian Assessment (DeepState, Apr 1): Russian forces occupied 133 sq km of Ukrainian territory in March 2025. While RU advances continue, the rate of gain significantly decreased (~6x) compared to late 2024. However, RU offensive intensity has increased on several axes, notably Pokrovsk.
Contested Areas: Vovchansk (Kharkiv); Popovka/Demydovka (Belgorod); Oleshnia/Gornal (Kursk); multiple settlements along Kupyansk, Lyman, Siversk, Kramatorsk, Toretsk, Pokrovsk, Novopavlivsk, Huliaipole, Orikhiv axes; Left Bank Kherson bridgeheads.
III. Air, Missile, Drone & ISR Activity
Russian Strike Campaign: High tempo continues with Guided Aerial Bombs (KABs/UMPK), artillery, missiles, and drones targeting military positions, energy infrastructure, and civilian areas. A summary of strikes (Mar 31-Apr 1) confirms widespread use across Donbas, Sumy, Kharkiv, Zaporizhzhia, Dnipropetrovsk, and Kherson Oblasts.
Energy Infrastructure: Continued targeting. Recent strikes impacted Kherson (Apr 1 morning). Kharkiv power grid reported stable after repairs from Mar 30 strike (Kharkiv OVA, Apr 1).
KAB/Airstrikes: Ongoing heavy use. 7 KABs hit Kupyansk community (Kharkiv OVA, Apr 1). Repeated launches towards Sumy Oblast and Donetsk Oblast (UA AF, Apr 1 morning). Visuals confirm significant damage in Pokrovsk city (Apr 1) and Korabelnyi district, Kherson (Apr 1).
Drone Strikes:No Shahed attacks recorded overnight Mar 31 - Apr 1 (first instance in 2025). Heavy kamikaze drone use persists (70 in OTU Kharkiv zone reported Apr 1). Alleged UA UAV strike on bus in Horlivka (RU claim, Apr 1, 12 WIA).
Missile Activity: RU launched 2 Iskander-M ballistic missiles from Kursk Oblast overnight Mar 30/31 (unintercepted). Two Russian Kh-59/69 missiles intercepted near Zaporizhzhia (Mar 31 evening). Three Kh-69 reported launched near Zaporizhzhia (Mar 31, 21:22 UTC).
Ukrainian Air Defense & Counter-Drone:
Successful interception of two Russian Kh-59/69 missiles near Zaporizhzhia (Mar 31).
Downing of multiple RU recon drones reported (Apr 1).
Footage (Apr 1) shows UA Air Force personnel using heavy machine guns in mobile tactics ("hunting" from vehicles) against Shaheds on the southern front.
Continued development/approval of new drone types (fiber-optic, anti-drone UAVs with shotguns).
Russian Air Capabilities: Observation (Mar 31) of a Russian Beriev A-50 AWACS being towed suggests potential non-operational status. RU sources claim increased UA FPV drone activity on Chasiv Yar direction.
NATO ISR Activity & Air Policing: Three NATO ISR aircraft (2 Polish M-28, 1 Swedish Gulfstream IV ELINT) detected operating near NW Russian border (Finnish Gulf, St Petersburg/Pskov area) on Apr 1. UK (6 Typhoon) and Swedish (6 Gripen) fighters began air policing patrols over Poland, focusing on Rzeszow-Jasionka airbase, deploying ~600 personnel.
IV. Ground Operations & Territorial Control (Select Axes)
Northern Border (Kursk/Belgorod/Sumy/Kharkiv):
Kursk Operational Zone: Ukrainian forces repelled 27 Russian assaults (UGS, Apr 1 morning). RU MoD claims inflicting >180 UA losses and hitting UA units near Ugroyedy, Turya, Miropolye (Sumy), Gornal, Guyevo, Oleshnya (Kursk). Intense fighting continues. RU claims consolidation, leaving limited UA presence.
Belgorod Oblast: Small arms fighting reported near Demydovka and Popovka (Apr 1).
Kharkiv Axis: Ukrainian forces repelled 7 Russian attempts near Vovchansk (OTU Kharkiv, Apr 1). Kupyansk community remains focus of RU attacks (7 KABs, MLRS yesterday); high tempo of RU shelling (4495 incidents, 81 KABs in March).
Siversk Axis: Clashes near Ivano-Daryivka/Bilohorivka. RU claim 300m advance near Hryhorivka (Apr 1).
Kramatorsk Axis (Chasiv Yar): Clashes ongoing. UA 5th Assault Brigade claims stopping RU motorcycle assault (Apr 1). RU sources report increased UA FPV activity and speculate potential UA counterattack preparations.
Toretsk Axis: Clashes ongoing. RU sources claim advances near Dzerzhynsk (Toretsk). DeepState map confirms RU advance near Panteleimonivka. UA National Police captured RU personnel (Apr 1).
Pokrovsk Axis:Highest Intensity. Clashes reported across numerous settlements. Visuals confirm significant destruction in Pokrovsk city.
Novopavlivsk Axis: Clashes ongoing. RU MoD confirms capture of Rozlyv (Apr 1). RU claims >90 sq km gain in March. RU sources suggest Bohatyr next objective. Captured RU soldier (127th MRD/394 Rgt) testimony indicates presence of units from Far East on Kurakhove direction and forced contracts/poor treatment (Butusov, Apr 1). RU sources (WarGonzo) show RU drone strike destroying UA tank near Shcherbaky.
Southern Front:
Orikhiv Axis (Zaporizhzhia): Clashes near multiple settlements. RU UAV operators ("Molniya" unit, 71st Rgt) reported active near Novodanylivka (Apr 1). RU MoD previously claimed Shcherbaki liberation (Mar 29).
Prydniprovsky Direction (Left Bank Kherson): Ukrainian forces repelled 1 Russian assault (UGS, Apr 1 morning). Persistent fighting near Antonivsky Bridge area.
V. Other Key Developments
Information Warfare & Counter-Intelligence:
Ukrainian Success: SBU detained alleged RU intel-linked PR agency operators in Kyiv Oblast (Apr 1). Captured RU soldier video (Butusov) provides counter-narrative on forced contracts/poor treatment/being deceived about war aims.
Russian Narratives: Continued claims of gains (incl. unverified Sudzha, inflated Kursk losses); propaganda videos (Rozlyv capture, drone strikes); claims of Polish mercenaries in Rozlyv; alleged UA UAV strike on Horlivka bus; narratives on draft evasion (Tisa river body). Video alleging assault on RU volunteer near Moscow circulated.
Cyber Warfare: Massive DDoS attack reported against Russian Railways (RZhD) website/app, confirmed by RZhD (Apr 1).
Mobilization & Personnel:
Ukraine: Changes to employee reservation rules effective Apr 1; companies require updated critical status. Applications streamlined via Diia portal. Meeting held by UA Coordination HQ with families of 4th Tank Brigade POWs (Apr 1). New traffic rule allows motorcycles/mopeds in bus lanes.
Russia: Reports of forced contracts, poor treatment, and use of punishment pits for refusing orders (captured soldier testimony, Apr 1). Ongoing deployment of personnel from regions like Lipetsk (Apr 1). Increased pressure reported on Ukrainians in occupied territories (forced passportization, mobilization, restricted exit via Melitopol) (Zaporizhzhia OVA).
Tactical Adaptations:
Russian: Continued heavy reliance on KABs/drones. Use of motorcycles for assaults (Kramatorsk). Use of fiber-optic FPVs to counter EW (WarGonzo report, 90th Tank Div). Possible deployment of armed UGVs. Adding anti-drone cages.
Ukrainian: Mobile anti-drone tactics (vehicle-mounted HMGs). Approval/deployment of new drone types. Ongoing demining critical for agricultural season. Reported increased FPV drone use near Chasiv Yar.
International Context:
NATO Exercise: "Sea Shield 25" begins in Romania/Black Sea (Apr 1-11) involving 12 nations.
NATO Air Policing: UK/Swedish fighters begin patrols over Poland (Rzeszow focus).
German Support: FM Baerbock announces planned financial aid: €3bn+€130m (2025), €8.25bn (2026-29).
Diplomacy/Politics: Russian MFA statements reject US peace proposals "as is," demanding root causes be addressed; downplay Trump signals. Internal political developments noted in Israel (SHABAK), Moldova (Gagauzia), Russia (LDPR activities, restrictions on migrants).
