Strategic Missile Forces
Location Analysis
The Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) headquarters is situated in Vlasikha (Odintsovo-10), Moscow Oblast, serving as the central node for Russia’s land-based nuclear deterrent. This location is strategically chosen for its proximity to Moscow, facilitating rapid communication with national command authorities. The region is heavily secured and features robust infrastructure, including underground facilities designed to ensure continuity of command in crisis scenarios.
Command Structure and Leadership
The Strategic Missile Forces are commanded by Colonel General Sergey Karakaev. The main headquarters, identified as military unit 25516, oversees all operational, administrative, and strategic functions. The central command post (military unit 33925) and its reserve counterpart (military unit 69792) provide redundant and survivable command and control capabilities, ensuring resilience against potential decapitation strikes.
Infrastructure Capabilities
The RVSN maintains a comprehensive network of command posts, arsenals, and specialized units. The Central Command Post and its reserve are equipped with advanced communications and automated control systems, supporting both peacetime operations and wartime command continuity. The Interspecific Regional Training Center (military unit 74306) provides specialized instruction for personnel, while multiple arsenals (21st, 27th, and 29th) ensure the secure storage, maintenance, and distribution of strategic missile assets.
Automated Control Systems
The 1231st Command and Control Center (military unit 20003) operates the 'Perimeter' automated control complex, also known as the 'Dead Hand' system. This system is designed to guarantee a retaliatory nuclear strike capability even in the event of a decapitation of the national leadership. It integrates a network of sensors, command posts, and communication links, enabling semi-automatic launch authorization under extreme conditions.
Missile Armament and Maintenance
The Main Missile Armament Directorate (military unit 25453) and the 27th Missile Weapons Exploitation Directorate (military unit 26180) are responsible for the technical oversight, maintenance, and modernization of the RVSN’s missile inventory. These directorates ensure the operational readiness of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and associated support systems, including routine inspections, upgrades, and lifecycle management.
Aviation Support
The 105th Separate Mixed Aviation Squadron (military unit 77126) provides dedicated aviation support for the Strategic Missile Forces. This includes transport, reconnaissance, and logistical missions, enhancing the operational flexibility and rapid mobility of command staff and technical specialists across the RVSN’s dispersed infrastructure.
Kosvinsky Kamen Complex
The Kosvinsky Kamen complex serves as the alternate command post for the Strategic Missile Forces. This facility is a massive underground installation constructed within a granite mountain, providing exceptional protection against nuclear strikes. It is equipped with very-low-frequency (VLF) radio communications, enabling secure and reliable contact with dispersed strategic forces even in a nuclear conflict environment. The complex is a critical node in the 'Perimeter' system, ensuring the survivability and effectiveness of Russia’s nuclear command and control architecture.