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Historical intelligence

Situation Report

Archived operational intelligence briefing retained for historical analysis.

Intelligence brief / archived issue

Situation Update (UTC)

Key reported developments

  • Taganrog, Rostov Oblast, Russia — expanded damage report: Rostov Oblast Governor Slyusar's official "ОПЕРАТИВНАЯ СВОДКА" graphic, relayed by Exilenova+ (04:43 UTC), specifies that the night-time UAV attack damaged a highway bridge over railway tracks (road P-280, km 64, Neklinovsky district), two electrical substations (one serving the railway line Taganrog-Passazhirsky–Mikhailovka, one in the Shubin quarter of Taganrog where a fire occurred), and a highway gas station where falling UAV debris struck four vehicles. One person killed (substation chief engineer), four injured (3 men, 1 woman), all hospitalized. Railway traffic on the Taganrog-Passazhirsky–Mikhailovka line suspended; highway bridge closed with detour via Taganrog and Pokrovskoe. Approximately 50 UAVs reportedly destroyed across Taganrog, Rostov-on-Don, and seven Rostov Oblast districts (Neklinovsky, Verkhnedonskoy, Kamensky, Tarasovsky, Millerovsky, Sholokhovsky, Chertkovsky). ТАСС (04:40 UTC) separately confirmed the railway-serving substation damage, de-energized transmission lines, and railway suspension, with no fire at that substation. (event time not stated; sources ТАСС timestamp 04:40:10 UTC, Exilenova+ timestamps 04:43:51–04:43:52 UTC; confidence HIGH for damage locations and casualty figures as attributed to the named governor via official government graphic; MEDIUM for the ~50-UAV interception count as a single-source aggregate claim)
  • Nizhnekamsk, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia — claimed drone-strike video: Exilenova+ (04:36 UTC) posted a ~6-second nighttime video captioned "Момент атаки одного из дронов на промзону Нижнекамска этой ночью" ("Moment of one of the drones attacking the industrial zone of Nizhnekamsk this night"). The footage shows a dark horizon with industrial lights and ends with a bright orange flash consistent with an explosion. No geolocation metadata, landmarks, or timestamp are visible in the frame. The analysis flags the video as too dark and generic to independently confirm the location; cause (drone strike vs. industrial accident) remains unresolved. (event time approx. 04:36 UTC; source Exilenova+, timestamps 04:36:43–04:36:44 UTC; confidence MEDIUM for visual evidence of an explosion-like flash; LOW for location identification and cause)
  • Ukrainian Air Force alerts — expanded jet-powered UAV threat picture: Between 04:47 and 05:03 UTC, the Ukrainian Air Force issued nine separate alerts for jet-powered UAVs (and one guided aerial bomb alert) heading toward Zaporizhzhia (from south, 04:47), Chernihiv (from north, 04:47), Kremenchuk, Poltava oblast (from east, 04:48), Kamianske, Dnipropetrovsk oblast (from north, 04:49), Zaporizhzhia (КАБ, 04:49), Chernihiv and Sumy oblasts from Bryansk Oblast, Russia (04:50), Zaporizhzhia (from south, 04:51), Krolevets, Sumy oblast (from north, 04:54), Mena and Kozelets, Chernihiv oblast (04:55), Kobelyaky and Kremenchuk, Poltava oblast (from Dnipropetrovsk oblast, 05:02), and Chornobay and Zolotonosha, Cherkasy oblast (from Poltava oblast, 05:03). No interception results, impacts, or damage assessments accompany these alerts. (sources Повітряні Сили ЗС України, timestamps 04:47:02–05:03:29 UTC; confidence MEDIUM as official alerts)
  • Dnipropetrovsk oblast, Ukraine — drone strike on residential area and air-defense claim: The head of Dnipropetrovsk Regional Military Administration, Oleksandr Hanzha, reported (04:56 UTC) that a drone struck the Dnipro district, igniting a private house; firefighters were suppressing the blaze; preliminary information indicates no casualties. At 05:00 UTC, Hanzha stated that 8 enemy UAVs were shot down by air defense over Dnipropetrovsk oblast during the night. (sources Олександр Ганжа / Дніпропетровська ОДА, timestamps 04:56:45–04:56:46 and 05:00:00 UTC; confidence MEDIUM-HIGH for the house fire as an official regional-administration report; MEDIUM for the 8-UAV interception count)
  • Russian "Sever" group operational report, 14 November 2026: The Russian military channel "44 АК" published a detailed daily combat report claiming continued "security zone" operations in Kharkiv and Sumy oblasts. Specific claims include: heavy infantry fighting near Khoten (Sumy district), advances toward Korenek (Shostka district), up to 350 m of advance on three sectors of the Liptsy direction (Kharkiv oblast), expansion of control near Kotovka, and offensive actions around Prikolotne, Shevchenkove Pershe, and Buhayivka. The report names Ukrainian units (10th National Guard brigade, 47th mechanized brigade, 25th transport aviation brigade, 1039th anti-aircraft regiment) and claims 140+ Ukrainian personnel losses (90+ in Sumy, 50+ in Kharkiv), two POWs captured, and destruction of specified equipment. A map graphic carries the date "14.11.2026 Г." (source 44 АК, timestamps 04:52:17–04:52:18 UTC; confidence LOW for all factual claims as a single-source Russian military propaganda channel; HIGH as a signal of Russian self-narrative and unit-level claims)
  • Ukrainian General Staff daily losses infographic, 15 November 2026: The General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine published its standard cumulative losses infographic covering 24.02.22 through 15.11.2026. Reported daily increments: +2,230 personnel, +34 armored combat vehicles (noted as unusually high), +1,272 operational-tactical UAVs, +549 automotive/fuel tanks, +46 artillery systems, +10 ground robotic complexes, +1 MLRS, +1 special equipment. Cumulative personnel: ~1,622,860. No daily changes reported for tanks, aircraft, helicopters, ships, submarines, or cruise missiles. (sources Генеральний штаб ЗСУ timestamp 04:38:07 UTC, Оперативний ЗСУ timestamp 04:56:12 UTC; confidence MEDIUM for format authenticity as official General Staff publication; figures are inherently unverifiable by open sources)
  • Colonelcassad "Center" group video: A short drone-strike video was posted (05:02 UTC) with a caption claiming Grouping "Center" operations north of Dobropolye and in Dnipropetrovsk oblast, showing destruction of "equipment, artillery, transport, positions, heavy bomber drones, and communications systems." The video itself contains only a single FPV drone strike on a trench position. The title card displays the date "08.11.2026," flagged as a future-date anomaly or production error. (source Colonelcassad, timestamps 05:02:23–05:02:24 UTC; confidence LOW for the claimed scope; the caption-video mismatch and date anomaly undermine reliability)

Reported situation by area

Taganrog and Rostov Oblast, Russia (new detail): The previously reported attack (baseline: ТАСС 04:25 UTC, one killed, four injured, ~50 UAVs downed) is now expanded by Governor Slyusar's official operational-summary graphic relayed by Exilenova+ (04:43 UTC) and ТАСС (04:40 UTC). New specifics: the attack struck a highway bridge over railway tracks (P-280, km 64, Neklinovsky district), two electrical substations (one railway-serving, one in the Shubin quarter with fire), and a gas station where debris hit four vehicles. Railway traffic Taganrog-Passazhirsky–Mikhailovka is suspended; highway bridge closed. The weapon type remains unspecified in all supplied texts. No Ukrainian official strike claim appears. (sources ТАСС 04:40:10 UTC, Exilenova+ 04:43:51–04:43:52 UTC; confidence HIGH for damage locations per official governor graphic; MEDIUM for interception count)

Nizhnekamsk, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia (new visual evidence): The baseline reported fires at the NKNK complex (geolocated approx. 03:04–03:58 UTC per ASTRA/Exilenova+). New in this batch: Exilenova+ posted a ~6-second video (04:36 UTC) captioned as capturing the "moment of a drone attack" on the industrial zone, showing an orange flash at the horizon. The analysis confirms the flash is visually consistent with an explosion but notes the footage is too dark and generic to geolocate independently. The cause (drone strike vs. industrial accident) remains unresolved; the prior ambiguity about whether the dark smoke column reflects strike residue or routine flaring persists. No Russian federal confirmation (MoD, MChS, SIBUR, Tatarstan governor) is present. (source Exilenova+, timestamps 04:36:43–04:36:44 UTC; confidence MEDIUM for an explosion-like event; LOW for location and cause)

Chernihiv, Sumy, Poltava, Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhzhia, and Cherkasy oblasts, Ukraine (new alert batch): The Ukrainian Air Force issued a significantly expanded set of jet-powered UAV and КАБ alerts between 04:47 and 05:03 UTC, covering Zaporizhzhia (two alerts plus КАБ), Chernihiv (three alerts, including from Bryansk Oblast), Sumy (Krolevets), Poltava (Kremenchuk, Kobelyaky), Dnipropetrovsk (Kamianske), and Cherkasy (Chornobay, Zolotonosha). These extend the two alerts previously reported (baseline: Chernihiv 04:26, Kharkiv/Zlatopil 04:27). No impact, interception, or damage results are supplied for any of these alerts. (source Повітряні Сили ЗС України, timestamps 04:47:02–05:03:29 UTC; confidence MEDIUM as official alerts)

Dnipropetrovsk oblast, Ukraine (new strike report): Hanza's regional administration reported a drone strike on a private house in the Dnipro district (04:56 UTC) and 8 UAVs downed by air defense overnight (05:00 UTC). This is new evidence not present in the baseline. (source Олександр Ганжа / Дніпропетровська ОДА, timestamps 04:56:45–05:00:00 UTC; confidence MEDIUM-HIGH for the house fire; MEDIUM for the 8-UAV count)

Kharkiv and Sumy oblasts, Ukraine (Russian offensive claims): The "Sever" group report (04:52 UTC) claims advances in Kharkiv oblast (Liptsy direction up to 350 m; expansion near Kotovka; actions at Prikolotne, Shevchenkove Pershe, Buhayivka) and Sumy oblast (heavy fighting near Khoten; advances toward Korenek). These are new claims not present in the baseline. The report also names specific Ukrainian units and claims 140+ personnel losses. All claims are from a single Russian military Telegram channel. (source 44 АК, timestamps 04:52:17–04:52:18 UTC; confidence LOW for factual accuracy; HIGH as a signal of Russian operational self-narrative)

Donetsk oblast, Ukraine (Colonelcassad claim): A video attributed to Grouping "Center" claims operations north of Dobropolye. The footage shows only one trench strike; the title card date (08.11.2026) is anomalous. (source Colonelcassad, timestamps 05:02:23–05:02:24 UTC; confidence LOW)

Areas absent from this batch are not established to be quiet or unchanged.

Reported strikes and air-defense activity

  • Taganrog, Rostov Oblast: Per Governor Slyusar's official operational graphic (relay via Exilenova+ 04:43 UTC) and ТАСС (04:40 UTC): UAV attack damaged a highway bridge (P-280, km 64), two electrical substations (one with fire in Shubin quarter, one serving the railway line), and a gas station. One killed, four injured. Railway Taganrog-Passazhirsky–Mikhailovka suspended. ~50 UAVs reportedly destroyed by air defense across Taganrog, Rostov-on-Don, and seven districts. Weapon type unspecified. No independent damage assessment or Ukrainian strike claim. (confidence HIGH for damage locations per official source; MEDIUM for interception count)
  • Nizhnekamsk, Tatarstan: Exilenova+ video (04:36 UTC) shows an orange flash at the horizon consistent with an explosion, captioned as a drone strike on the industrial zone. No air-defense engagement statement is present in this batch. The prior-period mayor's statement ("air defense is working right now," per ASTRA 03:55 UTC, carried forward from baseline) remains the closest quasi-official acknowledgment. (confidence LOW for new air-defense engagement; MEDIUM for the explosion flash; LOW for cause)
  • Dnipropetrovsk oblast, Ukraine: Hanza reported a drone strike on a private house in the Dnipro district (04:56 UTC) and 8 UAVs downed by air defense overnight (05:00 UTC). No further detail on systems, launch origin, or damage extent. (confidence MEDIUM-HIGH for the house strike as official regional-administration report; MEDIUM for the 8-UAV count)
  • Ukrainian Air Force alerts (multiple oblasts): Nine jet-powered UAV alerts and one КАБ alert issued between 04:47 and 05:03 UTC for Zaporizhzhia, Chernihiv, Sumy, Poltava, Dnipropetrovsk, and Cherkasy oblasts. No interception results, downed-UAV counts, or impact assessments are reported. (confidence MEDIUM as official alerts)
  • Kharkiv and Sumy oblasts: The "Sever" group report claims air strikes by ВКС РФ aviation and "Geran" drone crews on a UAV production facility and positions of the 10th National Guard brigade near Nezhin and Klyusy (Chernihiv oblast, per the report's own text), and strikes on concentrations of personnel and equipment across 17 named settlements in Sumy oblast and 15 in Kharkiv oblast. These are Russian-side claims; no Ukrainian confirmation or independent verification is supplied. (confidence LOW)
  • Donetsk oblast: Colonelcassad video claims a Grouping "Center" FPV drone strike on a trench position north of Dobropolye. Single clip; caption-video mismatch; date anomaly. (confidence LOW)

Reported Russian activity

  • Air-defense engagements: ТАСС and Governor Slyusar's graphic report ~50 UAVs destroyed across Rostov Oblast (04:40–04:43 UTC). The Tula Oblast engagement (5 UAVs destroyed, 04:18 UTC) is carried forward from the baseline as previously reported.
  • "Sever" group operational report (14 November): The 44 АК channel claims continued offensive operations in Kharkiv and Sumy oblasts, citing advances of up to 350 m on the Liptsy direction, heavy fighting near Khoten, and strikes on Ukrainian positions across dozens of named settlements. The report names specific Ukrainian units (10th NG brigade, 47th ombr, 25th transport aviation brigade, 1039th anti-aircraft regiment) and claims 140+ Ukrainian personnel losses. The report frames operations as "security zone" creation. A map graphic carries the date "14.11.2026 Г." (source 44 АК, timestamps 04:52:17–04:52:18 UTC; confidence LOW for factual claims; HIGH as a signal of Russian military self-narrative)
  • Colonelcassad "Center" group video: Claims multi-category destruction north of Dobropolye and in Dnipropetrovsk oblast; shows only one trench strike. Date card anomaly (08.11.2026). (source Colonelcassad, timestamps 05:02:23–05:02:24 UTC; confidence LOW)
  • Fighterbomber helicopter photo: A photo of a Mi-8/Mi-17 family helicopter over agricultural steppe, captioned "Good morning, country!" No geolocation, unit markings, or operational context. (source Fighterbomber, timestamps 04:55:15–04:55:16 UTC; confidence LOW-MEDIUM for the image as authentic; no operational information)
  • Russian volunteer fundraising (НгП раZVедка): A Telegram post (05:03 UTC) from a Russian military/volunteer channel solicits donations for a utility pickup truck and a UAZ-452 ("bukhanka") for two units, framed in informal patriotic language. No specific unit, location, or operational context is supplied. (source НгП раZVедка, timestamp 05:03:01 UTC; confidence MEDIUM as a genuine fundraising appeal; LOW for operational significance)
  • No Russian MoD-level consolidated strike claim, offensive-strike announcement, or federal air-defense summary is present in the supplied messages for this period.

Reported Ukrainian activity

  • Early-warning and air-defense alerts: The Ukrainian Air Force issued nine jet-powered UAV alerts and one КАБ alert (04:47–05:03 UTC) covering Zaporizhzhia, Chernihiv, Sumy, Poltava, Dnipropetrovsk, and Cherkasy oblasts. These extend the two alerts in the baseline (Chernihiv 04:26, Kharkiv/Zlatopil 04:27). No interception results or damage assessments are reported. (source Повітряні Сили ЗС України, timestamps 04:47:02–05:03:29 UTC; confidence MEDIUM as official alerts)
  • Dnipropetrovsk air-defense claim: Hanza reported 8 UAVs downed over Dnipropetrovsk oblast during the night (05:00 UTC). (source Олександр Ганжа / Дніпропетровська ОДА, timestamp 05:00:00 UTC; confidence MEDIUM)
  • General Staff daily losses infographic: Published cumulative losses through 15.11.2026 with daily increments of +2,230 personnel, +34 ACVs, +1,272 UAVs, +549 automotive/fuel tanks, +46 artillery, +10 ground robotic complexes. The 34-ACV figure is editorially highlighted as unusually high. (sources Генеральний штаб ЗСУ 04:38:07 UTC, Оперативний ЗСУ 04:56:12 UTC; confidence MEDIUM for format authenticity; figures unverifiable by open sources)
  • No Ukrainian official strike claim or offensive-operation announcement is present in the supplied messages. The Taganrog attack is attributed to ВСУ by ТАСС citing Governor Slyusar, but no Ukrainian MoD, General Staff, or Air Force statement claiming the strike appears in this batch.

Civilian and infrastructure impact

  • Taganrog, Rostov Oblast, Russia: Per Governor Slyusar's official graphic (relay via Exilenova+ 04:43 UTC) and ТАСС (04:40 UTC): one killed (substation chief engineer), four injured (3 men, 1 woman, from UAV debris striking vehicles at a highway gas station; all hospitalized). Infrastructure damage includes a highway bridge over railway tracks (P-280, km 64, Neklinovsky district; traffic closed, detour via Taganrog and Pokrovskoe), two electrical substations (one serving the railway line Taganrog-Passazhirsky–Mikhailovka — de-energized transmission lines, railway traffic suspended; one in the Shubin quarter — fire, emergency services responding), and four vehicles damaged at the gas station. No displacement figures or broader power-outage duration are supplied. (confidence HIGH for damage locations and casualty figures per official governor source; MEDIUM for full extent)
  • Dnipropetrovsk oblast, Ukraine: Per Hanza (04:56 UTC): a drone struck a private house in the Dnipro district; the house caught fire; firefighters were suppressing the blaze; preliminary information indicates no casualties. No further detail on household size, displacement, or structural damage extent. (confidence MEDIUM-HIGH for the event as an official regional-administration report; casualty status explicitly preliminary)
  • Nizhnekamsk, Tatarstan: The new Exilenova+ video (04:36 UTC) shows an explosion-like flash at the industrial zone horizon. No civilian casualty, displacement, or production-shutdown figures are supplied. The cause remains unresolved (strike vs. industrial accident). (confidence MEDIUM for visual evidence of an explosion; LOW for cause and civilian impact)
  • Ukraine (Chernihiv, Sumy, Poltava, Zaporizhzhia, Cherkasy oblasts): Air Force alerts indicate threats; no impact confirmation, civilian casualty, or infrastructure damage report is present in the supplied messages for this period.
  • Kharkiv and Sumy oblasts: The "Sever" group report claims Ukrainian personnel losses (140+) and equipment destruction. These are Russian-side claims; no Ukrainian confirmation, independent verification, or civilian impact assessment is supplied. (confidence LOW)

Information environment and disputed claims

  • Taganrog attribution and scope: ТАСС and Governor Slyusar's graphic attribute the attack to ВСУ. The weapon type is unspecified. The ~50-UAV interception figure is a single-source governor claim via a state news agency; no independent corroboration is present. The operational graphic's framing emphasizes civilian infrastructure damage (bridge, gas station, substations) without mentioning military targets, consistent with a domestic-audience "terror" narrative. No Ukrainian official confirmation or claim appears. (confidence MEDIUM for the governor's attributed statements; LOW for weapon type and full scope)
  • Nizhnekamsk cause ambiguity: The new video (04:36 UTC) is captioned declaratively as a drone strike, but the analysis notes the footage is too dark and generic to geolocate. The cause (drone strike vs. industrial accident) remains unresolved. The DSB framework assigns 0.012727 to "Drone Strike by Ukraine on industrial zone in Nizhnekamsk" with 0.72 uncertainty in the relevant group, consistent with the unresolved attribution. (confidence LOW for cause)
  • "Sever" group report credibility: The 44 АК channel's report contains a year typo on the map ("2026" where "2024" is likely intended), uses "security zone" framing to normalize territorial claims, and closes with an ideological quote attributed to Friedrich Engels. The analysis rates overall factual reliability as LOW. The report names specific Ukrainian units and operational details (e.g., 47th ombr supply disruption due to NRTK operators attending a competition in Lviv; 1039th regiment losing communications and requesting volunteer Starlink terminals), which are unverified but notable as signals of Russian unit-level intelligence and EW impact claims. (confidence LOW for factual claims; HIGH as a signal of Russian self-narrative)
  • Colonelcassad date anomaly: The "Center" group video carries a title-card date of "08.11.2026," flagged as either a production error or deliberate misdating. The caption claims multi-target destruction across two oblasts but the video shows only one trench strike. (confidence LOW)
  • General Staff losses infographic: The cumulative personnel figure (~1.62M) far exceeds independently verified counts and likely includes wounded, POWs, and possibly double-counting. The 34-ACV daily figure is editorially highlighted. The infographic format matches official General Staff publications, but all figures are unverifiable by open sources. The DSB framework assigns 0.28–0.36 to "Information Warfare: Propaganda Effort by Ukraine" in the relevant groups. (confidence MEDIUM for format authenticity; figures are official claims)
  • Fighterbomber helicopter photo: No geolocation, unit markings, or operational context. The analysis notes the image could be repurposed from any time or place. (confidence LOW-MEDIUM)
  • DSB belief masses: The framework assigns aggregate uncertainty of 0.485818. For Taganrog, "Transportation Infrastructure Damage" carries 0.32 and "Energy Supply Disruption" 0.20 in the relevant group, with 0.28 uncertainty. For Dnipropetrovsk residential strike, 0.52 support with 0.12 uncertainty. For the "Sever" group claims, the relevant group assigns 0.272 uncertainty and 0.20 combined mass across multiple hypotheses. These are uncalibrated evidence-support measures, not verified probabilities.
  • Out-of-scope item: ТАСС (04:52 UTC) reported a Russian domestic policy item (maternity capital exceeding 1 million rubles from February 2027). Not related to the Russo-Ukrainian war; excluded from factual analysis.

Evidence limitations and unresolved questions

  • Taganrog: The supplied messages do not establish (1) the weapon type (drone vs. missile vs. other), (2) the launch origin or Ukrainian unit responsible, (3) the precise event time (only source posting times are known), (4) the extent of damage beyond the named locations, (5) whether the ~50-UAV figure includes all incoming threats or only those intercepted, (6) the duration of railway suspension or power outage, (7) any Ukrainian official confirmation or claim. The governor's operational graphic is the sole source for the expanded damage detail.
  • Nizhnekamsk: The new video corroborates an explosion-like event but does not resolve the cause (drone strike vs. industrial accident). No geolocation metadata, landmarks, or timestamp are visible in the footage. No MChS, SIBUR, TATNEFT, or Tatarstan governor statement is present. No satellite thermal data, production-shutdown notice, or environmental report is available. The prior-period geolocation (55°36′40″N 51°57′02″E) remains the reference; no new independent geolocation is added.
  • Ukrainian Air Force alerts: The nine jet-powered UAV and one КАБ alerts are detection/tracking notifications. The supplied batch does not confirm whether any threat reached a target, was intercepted, or caused damage in any of the named oblasts.
  • Dnipropetrovsk strike: The house-fire report is from a single official source (regional administration head). No DSNS (State Emergency Service) confirmation, drone wreckage documentation, or follow-up casualty update is present. The 8-UAV interception count is a single-source claim.
  • "Sever" group report: All claims (advances, losses, unit names, EW impact, supply disruptions) are from a single Russian military Telegram channel with internal date errors. No Ukrainian counter-claim, OSINT corroboration, or independent verification is supplied. The specific unit-level claims (47th ombr supply disruption, 1039th regiment communications loss, 25th transport aviation brigade deployed as infantry) are unverified.
  • Colonelcassad "Center" video: The date anomaly (08.11.2026) and caption-video mismatch (claims multi-target compilation, shows one trench strike) prevent reliable attribution. No geolocation markers are present.
  • General Staff infographic: Figures are official Ukrainian government claims, inherently unverifiable by open sources. The 34-ACV daily spike is noted but not geolocated or attributed to a specific engagement.
  • No weather data specific to the event locations is supplied in this batch beyond the frontline reference points (Open-Meteo, 05:00 UTC: near-freezing temperatures 0.7–2.6 °C, mainly clear to partly cloudy, light winds 1.3–2.7 m/s, no precipitation across Kharkiv, Luhansk, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, and Kherson reference points). The "Sever" group report mentions "deteriorating weather conditions" reducing combat intensity on the Sumy direction, but no numeric weather data for Sumy or Kharkiv oblasts is supplied in the messages.
  • The previous daily report (13–14 November window) provides historical context on Kyiv pontoon crossings and Zaporizhzhia casualty claims but is not independent corroboration of any new claim in this batch.
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