Intelligence brief / archived issue
Situation Update (UTC)
Key reported developments
- Pryluky, Chernihiv Oblast — reported casualty figure rises to 22 killed: Ukrainian President Zelenskyy and the Kyiv City Military Administration relayed a statement that a Russian missile strike on a residential building in Pryluky killed 22 people, including 5 children, and injured 54, during a visit with the UK Foreign Secretary; the same text says over 100 residential buildings plus schools, kindergartens, shops, enterprises and infrastructure were damaged. The caption names “Ed Miliband”; an accompanying annotation says the person shown is David Lammy, and the casualty and damage figures are self-reported. (event time not stated; source: Zelenskiy / Official, 2026-10-08 13:41:12; КМВА, 2026-10-08 13:41:49; confidence MEDIUM for the official Ukrainian statement, LOW for independent verification). The previous daily report had a figure of 18 killed; this is a higher figure supplied in the new messages.
- Omsk, Omsk Oblast, Russia — reported UAV strike and refinery smoke: TASS relayed Omsk Governor Khotsenko saying one UAV reached Omsk’s northern industrial hub, emergency services were working, and air-defense forces downed most drones. Операция Z, relaying RVvoenkor, described the hub as a large industrial zone in Sovetsky district with oil refining, petrochemical and energy enterprises. ASTRA published an OSINT geolocation of a smoke plume over Omsk, reported gas-station queues, and noted the Omsk refinery is owned by Gazprom Neft, is about 2,500 km from Ukraine, is among Russia’s top-10 refineries, and was first attacked on 6 July. Exilenova+ posted video captioned as FP-1 strike drones travelling more than 2,500 km. (source: ТАСС, 2026-10-08 13:28:48; ASTRA, 2026-10-08 13:37:35; Exilenova+, 2026-10-08 13:24:36; Операция Z, 2026-10-08 13:38:30; confidence LOW for refinery damage and strike effects, MEDIUM for the official Russian statement).
- Podolsk, Moscow Oblast, Russia — reported fatal UAV strike details: Два майора shared a screenshot attributed to the channel “Воробьёв LIVE” stating that a UAV attack in the Klimovsk microdistrict of Podolsk killed a 57-year-old man, injured a 37-year-old woman (preliminary), burned three cars on Prospekt 50-letiya Oktyabrya, and damaged glazing in a nearby apartment building without load-bearing damage. SOTA separately reported the same governor-sourced account and added that two men were killed in Moscow Oblast during a UAV attack on the night of 6 October: a 20-year-old resident of Radumli and a 71-year-old resident of Barybino. (source: Два майора, 2026-10-08 13:16:13; SOTA, 2026-10-08 13:21:28; confidence MEDIUM for the official Russian claims, LOW for independent verification).
- Russia — claimed Yandex data-center strike and internet outages: ЦАПЛІЄНКО_UKRAINE FIGHTS relayed Russian media reports of a large-scale Russian internet outage affecting sites, services, banks and media, linked to a strike on a Yandex data center. Оперативний ЗСУ claimed the strike was on a Yandex data center in Ryazan region and that it disrupted Yandex Pay, Yandex Bank, Moscow public-transport payments and the outage-tracking site Sboy.rf; an accompanying annotation says the attached outage dashboard and a 8 October article about Yandex Pay problems do not confirm the strike. РБК-Україна, citing Meduza, said access was lost to Vedomosti, RIA Novosti, Kommersant, Vesti and Interfax sites. (source: ЦАПЛІЄНКО_UKRAINE FIGHTS, 2026-10-08 13:19:44; Оперативний ЗСУ, 2026-10-08 13:27:18; РБК-Україна, 2026-10-08 13:41:31; confidence LOW for the strike attribution, MEDIUM that the outage reports were published).
- Donetsk, Luhansk and Black Sea areas — Ukrainian General Staff deep-strike claims: The General Staff claimed strikes on a Russian UAV storage, preparation and launch site in the Donetsk area; a Black Sea Mesh-network repeater; command points near Prydorozhne, Luhansk Oblast and Ocheretyne, Donetsk Oblast; a logistics warehouse near Ocheretyne; and a field artillery depot near Verkhnoosykove, Donetsk Oblast. The attached image is an official General Staff graphic, not documentary strike imagery, and no damage assessment, coordinates or weapon details were supplied. (source: Оперативний ЗСУ, 2026-10-08 13:42:16; confidence LOW for the strike effects, MEDIUM that the claim was officially published). This repeats claims also present in the previous situation report.
- Krasny Liman direction — Russian MoD FPV interception claim: The Russian Ministry of Defence posted footage captioned as “Zapad Group’s FPV interceptor drones” ramming and destroying enemy reconnaissance and attack UAVs in the Krasny Liman direction. An accompanying annotation notes the visible frames show a fixed-wing UAV over forested terrain but do not show the moment of collision or destruction, and do not identify whether the drone shown is the target or the interceptor. (source: MoD Russia, 2026-10-08 13:20:30; confidence LOW for the claimed interception).
- Russia — reported military-police expansion and mobilization-related incidents: SOTA, citing RBC and a draft presidential decree, reported that the Russian Ministry of Defence proposed expanding military-police powers to search for deserters, including ambushes, barriers, patrols, questioning people, inspecting terrain, pursuing suspects and cordoning areas, with commanders able to conduct inquiries into criminal cases involving military personnel, volunteer formations and civilian staff. Separately, МОБИЛИЗАЦИЯ | Новости | Что делать? posted video of a confrontation in Askrovo, Bashkortostan, in which a military commissar was described as behaving aggressively toward women who said two relatives had been killed in the war and a third was being sent; the channel also claimed Bashkortostan has the highest number of confirmed named losses, exceeding 10,000. Северный канал reported a 19-year-old conscript, Danila Sazonov, missing since 22 September in Glushkovo, Kursk Oblast, with an attached official-looking notification from military unit 12721; the channel caption attributed him to the 488th Motorized Rifle Regiment, while the document named unit 12721. (source: SOTA, 2026-10-08 13:32:48; МОБИЛИЗАЦИЯ | Новости | Что делать?, 2026-10-08 13:39:58; Северный канал, 2026-10-08 13:40:12; confidence MEDIUM for the reported documents or video, LOW for the broader claims and unit attribution).
- Ukrainian Air Force alerts across central, northern and southern oblasts: Notices described jet-powered UAVs near Zhashkiv, Cherkasy Oblast, heading toward Vinnytsia Oblast; past Lyubech, Chernihiv Oblast, heading toward Kyiv Oblast; in eastern Vinnytsia Oblast toward Lypovets, past Teplyk toward Ladyzhyn, and toward Kozyatyn; in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast past Yuriivka heading west; and from the Black Sea toward Mykolaiv Oblast. No impacts, interceptions or damage were stated. (source: Повітряні Сили ЗС України / Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, 2026-10-08 13:25:22, 13:26:46, 13:34:00, 13:38:14, 13:40:58, 13:43:34, 13:44:42; confidence MEDIUM that the alerts were issued, LOW for any underlying outcome).
Reported situation by area
- Pryluky, Chernihiv Oblast (new evidence): Ukrainian official accounts now report 22 killed, including 5 children, and 54 injured, with more than 100 residential buildings and civilian infrastructure damaged. The event time and munition type are not stated in the supplied message; the earlier daily report’s figure of 18 killed is historical baseline only. The supplied text also contains a discrepancy over the UK Foreign Secretary’s identity.
- Omsk, Omsk Oblast, Russia (new evidence): Russian official messaging acknowledges one UAV reaching the northern industrial hub and most drones being downed, without damage or casualty details. Ukrainian channels and ASTRA describe a large industrial fire and gas-station queues, with ASTRA providing a camera-position geolocation toward the Omsk refinery but not direct imagery of refinery damage. No independent confirmation of a refinery strike or its effects was supplied.
- Podolsk, Moscow Oblast, Russia (new evidence): Russian official and pro-Russian channels report one man killed, one woman injured, three cars burned, and building glazing damage in Klimovsk microdistrict. SOTA adds two earlier Moscow Oblast UAV-attack deaths on the night of 6 October. Only Russian official and pro-Russian accounts are represented in this batch for this event.
- Occupied Kakhovka, Kherson Oblast (new evidence, low reliability): Шеф Hayabusa described frequent power cuts, voltage dropping to 93 volts, appliances burning, irregular water supply, billing without recalculation, and almost two months without power in the eastern part of the city and suburbs, attributing delays to a missing special tower and crews refusing to travel due to shelling. No independent verification or official statement was supplied.
- Belgorod Oblast, Russia (new evidence): Кремлевский шептун described housing-restoration problems before the heating season, saying that after a mass UAV attack in early August about 1,500 apartments in more than 100 apartment buildings and 38 private houses were damaged, with uneven repair progress between Belgorod city and border municipalities. No primary official document or independent verification was supplied.
- Kursk Oblast, Russia (new evidence): Северный канал reported a conscript missing since 22 September in Glushkovo, Kursk Oblast, with an attached notification from military unit 12721 and a channel claim that he belonged to the 488th Motorized Rifle Regiment; the unit mismatch is unresolved. The combat narrative of a Seim River crossing and FPV drone attack is single-source.
- Bashkortostan, Russia (new evidence): A Telegram channel posted video of a confrontation in Askrovo between a military commissar and women who said two relatives had been killed in the war and a third was being sent. The video and caption are from a single critical channel; the specific claims and the 10,000-loss figure were not independently verified in the batch.
- Krasny Liman direction (new evidence): Russian MoD footage claimed FPV interceptor drones destroyed Ukrainian UAVs; the attached annotation says the visual material shows a drone in flight over forest but not the claimed destruction.
- Donetsk and Luhansk areas (new evidence, repeated claim): Ukrainian General Staff claims list targets near Donetsk, Prydorozhne, Ocheretyne and Verkhnoosykove, supported only by an illustrative graphic. No geolocated strike imagery or independent damage assessment was supplied.
- Black Sea (new evidence, repeated claim): Ukrainian General Staff claimed a Mesh-network repeater was struck in the Black Sea; no coordinates, imagery or independent confirmation were supplied.
- Frontline weather reference points (new evidence, numeric observations only): As of 2026-10-08T13:45 UTC, supplied observations for five contact-line reference points reported 0.0 mm precipitation at all five, temperatures of 18.0–21.5°C, cloud cover of 48–100%, and winds of 0.5–2.5 m/s; a same-day forecast for Kherson indicated a 33% precipitation probability and 0.6 mm precipitation. These reference points do not cover the strike-claim sites in this batch.
Reported strikes and air-defense activity
- Omsk, Russia: Russian official messaging acknowledges air-defense activity against a UAV attack and says one UAV reached the northern industrial hub; no interception figures, target identification or damage results were supplied. Ukrainian channels claim long-range FP-1 drone strikes and refinery involvement; ASTRA’s geolocation confirms only a smoke plume in Omsk, not a refinery strike or damage. Repetition across Ukrainian channels does not independently corroborate the strike.
- Podolsk, Moscow Oblast: Russian official accounts report one UAV-attack fatality and one injury, three vehicle fires extinguished, and building glazing damage. No interception tally, UAV type or launch direction was supplied.
- Yandex data-center outage claims: Ukrainian partisan channels claim a strike on a Yandex data center in Ryazan region caused Russian internet and media outages. The attached monitoring graphic lacks a visible date and source, and the Yandex Pay article does not mention a strike, Ryazan or a data center; the causal claim is unverified.
- Pryluky, Chernihiv Oblast: Ukrainian official accounts report 22 killed and 54 injured from a Russian missile strike on a residential building. The event time, munition type and impact specifics were not supplied in the new messages; the casualty and damage figures remain self-reported.
- Krasny Liman direction: Russian MoD footage claims FPV interceptor drones destroyed Ukrainian UAVs; the supplied visual material does not show the destruction event.
- Ukrainian Air Force alerts: Notices covered jet-powered UAVs across Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Vinnytsia, Dnipropetrovsk and Mykolaiv areas. These establish assessed threats, not impacts or interceptions. No aggregate Ukrainian interception count for this period appears in the batch.
- Ukrainian General Staff strike claims: Claims cover a UAV launch site in the Donetsk area, command points near Prydorozhne and Ocheretyne, a logistics warehouse near Ocheretyne, a field artillery depot near Verkhnoosykove, and a Black Sea Mesh repeater. No damage assessment, coordinates or independent confirmation were supplied.
- Other reported strikes outside Ukraine: TASS relayed a Houthi claim of a ballistic-missile strike on King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, with video described as showing smoke near the airport; Colonelcassad relayed a claim of an Iranian strike on a tanker in the Gulf of Oman, supported by FIRMS and SAR imagery that the accompanying annotation says do not confirm vessel identity or cause; Colonelcassad also relayed a Syrian oil-company claim of a sabotage attack on a pipeline near Tel Hamis/Qamishli, Hasakah province, Syria, with a night-fire photo. These are outside the Ukraine war and are single-source or unverified.
Reported Russian activity
- Omsk Oblast Governor Vitaly Khotsenko, via TASS and pro-Russian channels, said one UAV reached Omsk’s northern industrial hub, emergency services were working, and air-defense forces downed most drones. No damage or casualty details were released.
- Moscow Oblast Governor Andrei Vorobyov, via a screenshot shared by Два майора and relayed by SOTA, reported one fatality, one injury, three extinguished car fires, and building glazing damage in Klimovsk microdistrict, Podolsk, with load-bearing structures reported intact and no threat to residents.
- The Russian Ministry of Defence posted footage claimed to show “Zapad Group’s FPV interceptor drones” destroying Ukrainian UAVs in the Krasny Liman direction.
- SOTA, citing RBC and a draft presidential decree, reported a Russian Ministry of Defence proposal to expand military-police powers for searching deserters, including ambushes, barriers, patrols, questioning, terrain inspection, pursuit and cordoning, and to allow commanders to conduct inquiries into criminal cases involving military personnel, volunteer formations and civilian staff.
- Russian channels and state media also carried non-Ukraine items: TASS on a Houthi missile claim against Riyadh airport; Colonelcassad on an alleged Iranian strike on a tanker in the Gulf of Oman and a pipeline attack in Syria; Север.Реалии on US Secretary of State Marco Rubio’s Arctic security remarks; TASS on the burial of Anatoly Kashpirovsky in Ukraine; and Рыбарь on Lithuanian border measures near Kaliningrad.
- No new Russian MoD ground-offensive claims appear in this batch. The previous report’s Dobropolye territorial and other ground claims remain baseline only.
Reported Ukrainian activity
- President Zelenskyy and the Kyiv City Military Administration reported the updated Pryluky casualty figure of 22 killed and 54 injured during a visit with the UK Foreign Secretary, described over 100 residential buildings and civilian infrastructure as damaged, and said instructions were given on shelters, housing and access to damaged apartments.
- Ukraine’s Air Force issued repeated public alerts for jet-powered UAVs across Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Vinnytsia, Dnipropetrovsk and Mykolaiv areas; no outcome data was supplied.
- The Ukrainian General Staff claimed strikes on 8 October against a Russian UAV launch site in the Donetsk area, a Black Sea Mesh-network repeater, command points near Prydorozhne and Ocheretyne, a logistics warehouse near Ocheretyne, and a field artillery depot near Verkhnoosykove.
- Ukrainian Telegram channels claimed a strike on a Yandex data center in Ryazan region caused Russian internet and media outages; Оперативний ЗСУ listed specific Russian services affected, and РБК-Україна, citing Meduza, named Vedomosti, RIA Novosti, Kommersant, Vesti and Interfax as inaccessible.
- Ukrainian Telegram channels and ASTRA circulated Omsk refinery and smoke footage, with ASTRA noting the refinery’s ownership, distance from Ukraine, top-10 status and earlier 6 July attack; Exilenova+ captioned video as FP-1 strike drones travelling more than 2,500 km.
- Alex Parker Returns shared an NV graphic claiming a fallen U.S. volunteer was honored at a Kyiv railway station; the caption was minimal, and an accompanying annotation notes the claim is single-source, lacks name/date/unit, and is not visually corroborated.
- TASS reported that a $447,000 bail was paid for former deputy head of Zelensky’s office Mudra, who had been in pretrial detention for more than a month, citing “Strana.” This is a Ukrainian domestic legal item.
- No new Ukrainian General Staff ground-combat or aggregate-loss reports appear in this batch. The previous report’s SIGNUM/59th Brigade FPV item and other Ukrainian activity remain baseline.
Civilian and infrastructure impact
- Pryluky, Chernihiv Oblast: Ukrainian official accounts report 22 killed, including 5 children, 54 injured, and damage to more than 100 residential buildings plus schools, kindergartens, shops, enterprises and infrastructure. These figures are attributed to Ukrainian official sources and are not independently verified in the batch.
- Podolsk, Moscow Oblast, Russia: One man reported killed and one woman injured; three cars burned and the fire extinguished; apartment-building glazing damaged, with officials stating structural elements were unaffected.
- Moscow Oblast, Russia: SOTA reported that two men were killed in a UAV attack on the night of 6 October: a 20-year-old resident of Radumli and a 71-year-old resident of Barybino. This is separate from the Podolsk incident.
- Omsk, Russia: ASTRA reported gas-station queues and a large smoke plume; whether the smoke, queues and reported industrial fire relate to a refinery strike or another cause is not established.
- Occupied Kakhovka, Kherson Oblast: A partisan channel described frequent power cuts, voltage as low as 93 volts, appliances burning, irregular water supply, billing without recalculation, and almost two months without power in eastern districts and suburbs. No independent confirmation was supplied.
- Belgorod Oblast, Russia: A Telegram channel described about 1,500 damaged apartments in more than 100 buildings and 38 damaged private houses after an early August UAV attack, with uneven restoration before the heating season. No primary official confirmation was supplied.
- Russia — digital services: Posts claimed a large-scale Runet outage affecting banks, media and other services, with some attributing it to a strike on a Yandex data center. The outage dashboard lacks a visible date and source, and user-complaint counts are not equivalent to confirmed downtime.
- Outside Ukraine: Reports described smoke near Riyadh airport after a Houthi missile claim, an alleged tanker incident and oil slick in the Gulf of Oman, and a pipeline fire near Tel Hamis/Qamishli, Hasakah province, Syria. These are single-source or unverified and have no established bearing on Ukraine-related events.
- Baseline civilian impact: The previous report’s Kyiv city, Buchanskyi district, Luhansk Oblast, Donetsk city and other civilian-impact items remain previously reported and are not updated or corroborated by this batch.
Information environment and disputed claims
- Competing Omsk narratives: Russian official messaging acknowledges only that one UAV reached the northern industrial hub and that most drones were downed, while Ukrainian channels frame the episode as a successful long-range strike on a major refinery. ASTRA’s geolocation confirms a smoke plume but not the cause, target or damage, and its annotation flags a date stamp of 08.10.2026 that appears inconsistent with the annotation’s stated system date. Repetition across Ukrainian channels is not independent corroboration.
- Pryluky attribution and identity discrepancy: The Ukrainian official text names UK Foreign Secretary “Ed Miliband,” while the accompanying annotation says the person shown is David Lammy. The casualty and damage figures are self-reported and not independently verified in the batch.
- Yandex data-center causality: The claim that a Yandex data-center strike caused Russian outages is speculative. The outage monitoring screenshot has no visible date or source, the Yandex Pay article does not mention Ryazan or a data center, and no Yandex, Russian ministry or telecom-operator statement appears in the batch.
- Podolsk framing: Russian pro-war channels headlined the Podolsk event as an “attack on Moscow,” while the governor’s account described a localized UAV attack in Klimovsk microdistrict. The official account provides the only detailed damage description in the batch.
- Russian domestic dissent and mobilization framing: The Bashkortostan confrontation and the Kursk conscript missing case appear in channels critical of Russian mobilization practices; the supplied captions use emotive framing, and the unit attribution in the conscript case is contradicted by the attached document. The claims are single-source.
- Russian channel commentary on Zelenskyy: Kotsnews criticized President Zelenskyy’s reported “two-to-three-month” remarks, Starlink and air-defense requests, and used derogatory language; no primary Ukrainian statement, transcript or official release was supplied in this batch. The wording appears in Russian-channel paraphrase.
- Lithuanian border claims: Рыбарь reported about 100 Lithuanian troops sent to the Kaliningrad border over alleged Russian mobilization fears, but the attached image is a stock/AFP border-barrier photo and no primary Lithuanian government statement appears in the batch. The channel’s framing is adversarial and not independent corroboration.
- Non-Ukraine claims: The Riyadh airport smoke claim, the Gulf of Oman tanker strike claim, the Syrian pipeline sabotage claim, the Rubio Arctic remarks, the Kashpirovsky burial report and the Mudra bail report are supplied but single-source or outside the Ukraine war scope; they are not independently corroborated in the batch.
- Date anomalies: ASTRA’s Omsk geolocation carries a date stamp of 08.10.2026, while its own annotation states the system date as 09.05.2026 and calls the stamp inconsistent. Other supplied annotations also note missing timestamps or unresolved unit mismatches. These inconsistencies are not resolved in the batch.
- Analytic belief set: The supplied Dempster–Shafer beliefs assign high uncertainty (0.617256) and low individual scores to hypotheses including the Pryluky missile strike, the Omsk oil-infrastructure drone strike, the Moscow Oblast residential-area drone strike, the Yandex-related communication disruption, the Belgorod Oblast infrastructure damage, the Lithuanian border reinforcement, and various diplomatic and infrastructure hypotheses. These are analytic scores, not new facts and not independent corroboration.
Evidence limitations and unresolved questions
- Pryluky casualty and damage figures: The batch establishes only what Ukrainian official accounts relayed on 8 October. It does not independently verify the 22 killed, 5 children, 54 injured or the damage totals, and it does not establish the event time, munition type or exact impact location. The UK Foreign Secretary’s identity is also inconsistent between the caption and the annotation.
- Omsk strike: No geolocation of the refinery itself, no timestamped satellite thermal confirmation and no Russian confirmation of refinery damage were supplied. The specific claim that FP-1 drones or other long-range systems struck the refinery rests on Ukrainian channel captions; the smoke plume could have other causes.
- Podolsk strike: Only Russian official and pro-Russian accounts appear in this batch. No independent verification, UAV type, launch direction or interception tally was supplied. The earlier 6 October Moscow Oblast deaths are reported by SOTA without independent confirmation.
- Yandex data-center strike: No geolocated strike imagery, no official Yandex or Russian government statement, and no timestamped primary outage data were supplied. The monitoring screenshot lacks provenance, and the Yandex Pay article does not establish the cause or the broader claims about Moscow transport payments and Sboy.rf.
- Ukrainian General Staff strike claims: No damage assessment, coordinates, weapon systems or independent confirmation were provided; the only attachment is an illustrative General Staff graphic covering only one of the claimed target categories.
- Russian MoD FPV claim: The supplied footage shows a drone over forest terrain but not the claimed ramming or destruction, and it does not identify the drone shown as Ukrainian.
- Kakhovka utilities: The claims come from a single partisan channel and lack dates, official statements, imagery or independent verification.
- Belgorod Oblast housing: The claimed scale of damage and restoration delays comes from a single Telegram channel and is not supported by primary documents or independent reporting in the batch.
- Kursk conscript case: The unit attribution in the channel caption is contradicted by the attached document’s unit 12721; the combat narrative of a Seim River crossing and FPV drone attack is single-source, and the authenticity of the attached notification is not independently verified.
- Bashkortostan incident: The video and caption come from a single critical channel; the specific claims about the number of deceased relatives, the identity of the official and the alleged forced mobilization of a third family member are not independently confirmed. The claim that Bashkortostan has exceeded 10,000 confirmed named losses is not independently verified in the batch.
- Ukrainian Air Force alerts: The notices establish assessed threats, not impacts, interceptions or damage. No comprehensive Ukrainian interception tally for this period appears in the batch.
- Non-Ukraine items: The Riyadh airport, Gulf of Oman tanker and Syrian pipeline items are single-source or lack independent confirmation; their attribution, imagery dates and causal claims remain unresolved.
- Weather context: Supplied numeric observations cover five frontline reference points at 2026-10-08T13:45 UTC and do not cover Omsk, Podolsk, Pryluky, Kakhovka, Belgorod Oblast, Bashkortostan or the Donetsk/Luhansk strike-claim sites. No supplied weather data establishes conditions at those locations.
- Previous baseline unresolved: The previous situation report’s Kyiv city casualty accounts, Buchanskyi district warehouse strike, Luhansk civilian-harm claims, Donetsk ICRC warehouse claim, Kherson/Kursk/Kharkiv substation and Odesa port claims, and the previous daily report’s broader Pryluky, Obukhiv, Zaporizhzhia, Seshcha, Sevastopol and Sochi items remain as previously reported and are not updated or independently corroborated in this batch. Silence in these messages does not establish that those situations are unchanged.
