Situation Report

INTELLIGENCE SITUATION REPORT (ISR) TIME OF REPORT: 10 JUN 25 / 01:07 ZULU REPORTING PERIOD: 10 JUN 25 / 00:37 ZULU - 10 JUN 25 / 01:07 ZULU PREPARED BY: Senior Military Intelligence Analyst, Eastern European Warfare Desk CLASSIFICATION: TOP SECRET / ORCON / NOFORN

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1. SITUATION OVERVIEW

1.1. Battlefield Geometry and Key Terrain:

• AOR Update: Kyiv City, Kyiv Oblast, and Odesa Oblast remain under high-intensity Russian aerial assault utilizing a combination of Shahed UAVs and cruise missiles. Impacts and falling debris are confirmed across multiple districts in Kyiv. Odesa City and Oblast have sustained direct hits to residential buildings, resulting in casualties. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH)
• Kyiv Under Direct Threat (UPDATE):
  • Sustained waves of Shahed UAVs continue to target Kyiv. "Николаевский Ванёк" reports decreasing numbers of "mopeds" (Shaheds) over Kyiv or inbound, from an initial 10, then 7, down to 3, indicating successful AD engagement and potential depletion of the current wave. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH)
  • New Impacts/Fires in Kyiv (Confirmed):
    • Klychko confirms one injured person hospitalized in Obolonskyi district. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH)
    • КМВА (Kyiv City Military Administration) reports non-residential premises on fire in Shevchenkivskyi district. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH)
    • КМВА reports drone debris falling on a multi-story building roof in Solomianskyi district. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH)
    • КМВА confirms AD operations continue across various city districts. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH)
    • Klychko reports warehouses on fire in another location in Obolonskyi district. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH)
    • Colonelcassad and Два майора (Russian milbloggers) continue to post imagery and videos purporting to show Kyiv "this night" with fires and impacts, including specific claims of impacts in the Boryspil area and "almost all districts." These claims are used for information operations but indicate ongoing Russian awareness of impacts. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH - on Russian claims and visual efforts; LOW - on scope of 'almost all districts' without independent verification).
  • Cruise Missile Threat to Kyiv (NEW): "Николаевский Ванёк" reports a cruise missile flew over Romny towards Nizhyn, later confirming two missiles, then reporting them flying towards Kyiv via Brovary. Subsequently, "Николаевский Ванёк" reported "minus" on the missiles. This indicates a dynamic and evolving multi-vector threat to Kyiv, with varying success rates of AD. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH)
• Odesa Situation (Confirmed Direct Strike):
  • РБК-Україна reports "Russians hit a residential building in Odesa," confirmed by Mayor Trukhanov, with multiple photos of damage and rescue operations. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH)
  • STERNENKO reports a direct hit on a residential building in Odesa, killing one person. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH)
  • ASTRA further specifies "maternity hospital and residential building attacked by Russia in Odesa," with the Mayor confirming one killed and three injured in the residential building attack. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH) The presence of a maternity hospital as a declared target, even if secondary, is a significant development for IO.
• Russian Internal Affairs/Infrastructure:
  • TASS reports temporary flight restrictions lifted at Kaluga airport. This follows previous reports of restrictions at Samara and Kazan, suggesting a dynamic response to perceived Ukrainian deep strikes. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH)
  • TASS reports a fire localized on a fishing vessel in Vladivostok, providing video evidence. This is unrelated to the conflict but highlights Russia's domestic security and emergency response capabilities. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH)
• Russian Information Operations (New Elements):
  • TASS reports captured Ukrainian soldier Oleg Konstantinov claiming AFU command ordered to hold positions in Kursk border region at any cost, calling it "genocide of the Ukrainian people." This is a classic Russian IO tactic using POW statements to discredit Ukraine and justify their actions. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH)
  • TASS reports Russian hockey player Ovechkin added to the Myrotvorets extremist website. This is a common tactic to portray Ukraine as "extremist" and garner domestic Russian sympathy. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH)
  • Colonelcassad shares a video of a FAB (likely glide bomb) in flight, captioned "FAB goes to target," confirming continued use of these destructive munitions. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH)

1.2. Weather and Environmental Factors Affecting Operations:

• Air Operations: Clear weather conditions remain conducive for continued widespread aerial assaults, as evidenced by ongoing drone and missile attacks. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).
• Impact of Strikes: Confirmed explosions, fires, and damage in multiple Kyiv districts (Darnytskyi, Shevchenkivskyi, Podilskyi, Obolonskyi, Solomianskyi) and Odesa (residential buildings, potentially maternity hospital) continue to place significant strain on emergency services and pose immediate environmental and humanitarian concerns in urban areas. The spread of impacts across multiple districts in Kyiv and the confirmation of fatalities/injuries in Odesa underscores the severity. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).

1.3. Current Force Dispositions and Control Measures:

• Ukrainian Forces (Air Defense): AD is actively engaged in Kyiv Oblast/City and Odesa Oblast against multiple groups of Shahed UAVs and cruise missiles. Reports of debris falls, impacts, and successful interceptions (e.g., missiles "minus") confirm ongoing, heavy engagement. AD remains on high alert and is dynamically responding to multi-vector threats. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).
• Ukrainian Forces (Ground): No new significant ground disposition changes reported. Focus remains on air defense and consequence management. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).
• Russian Forces (Air): Continued employment of Shahed UAVs across multiple axes, with primary focus on Kyiv and Odesa. The confirmed launch of cruise missiles targeting Kyiv via Romny/Nizhyn/Brovary indicates a renewed or sustained use of these more capable munitions, possibly in conjunction with or after initial drone waves. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).
• Russian Forces (Information Operations): Russia continues its multi-pronged IO, focusing on explicit psychological intimidation, immediate mockery and justification of civilian casualties, discrediting Ukrainian AD, and exploiting POWs for propaganda. New elements of internal messaging (Ovechkin, domestic incidents) are observed, likely for distraction. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).

2. ENEMY ANALYSIS

2.1. Enemy Capabilities, Intentions, and Courses of Action:

• Capabilities:
  • Air: Russia continues to demonstrate the capability to conduct sustained, multi-wave strikes with Shahed UAVs and cruise missiles, concentrating assets on high-value targets like Kyiv and Odesa. Their ability to cause large fires and impacts across multiple districts and confirm fatalities indicates successful targeting of various elements within cities and highlights the challenge of achieving 100% AD interception against saturation attacks. The confirmed use of FAB glide bombs on the front lines further solidifies their persistent air-delivered precision strike capability. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).
  • Hybrid/Information Operations (IO): Russia's IO remains highly sophisticated and aggressive, utilizing real-time events to amplify narratives, engage in explicit psychological warfare, and rapidly justify alleged war crimes with grotesque mockery. The continued coordination of kinetic strikes with real-time, mocking IO, and the exploitation of POWs for fabricated narratives, is a key aspect of their hybrid warfare strategy. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).
  • Counter-UAV Defense: The lifting of airport restrictions in Kaluga suggests Russia's ongoing AD efforts to counter Ukrainian deep strikes are dynamic, but also that these threats are forcing responses. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).
• Intentions:
  • Strategic: To continue to degrade Ukraine's military and civilian will, especially through relentless strikes on Kyiv, Odesa, and other major population centers, and to exhaust Ukrainian air defenses, opening pathways for more destructive strikes. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).
  • Operational: To overwhelm Ukrainian AD in key urban areas, particularly Kyiv and Odesa, through continuous waves of drones and precision-guided missiles. To inflict maximal civilian casualties and damage critical infrastructure to break morale. To test Ukrainian defenses and create psychological effects with explicit threats and mocking narratives. To exploit POWs for propaganda. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).
  • Information: To control both domestic and international narratives, justify their actions, portray Ukrainian vulnerability, demoralize the Ukrainian population by mocking their AD and celebrating strikes on civilian targets, and distract from internal issues. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).

2.2. Recent Tactical Changes or Adaptations:

• Multi-Vector Assaults: The combination of Shahed UAVs and cruise missiles targeting Kyiv and Odesa in successive or overlapping waves represents a continued effort to complicate Ukrainian AD and increase the probability of penetration. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).
• Exploitation of Civilian Vulnerabilities: The confirmed direct hit on a residential building and the mention of a maternity hospital in Odesa indicates continued Russian intent to target civilian infrastructure, possibly to maximize psychological impact and generate public outcry. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).
• Faster Lifting of Internal Flight Restrictions: The relatively swift lifting of flight restrictions in Kaluga suggests Russian authorities are adjusting their response protocols to Ukrainian drone activity, perhaps minimizing disruption while maintaining security. (CONFIDENCE: MEDIUM).

2.3. Logistics and Sustainment Status:

• Ammunition & Missiles: The continued ability to launch multiple waves of Shaheds and now cruise missiles indicates an ongoing and possibly sustained supply/production of these munitions. The observed FAB employment reinforces their capability to deliver significant conventional payloads. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).
• Airspace Restrictions: The dynamic imposition and lifting of temporary flight restrictions at various airports (Kaluga, Samara, Kazan) suggest an ongoing assessment of internal threats and a more flexible response, but still a direct impact on Russian internal air traffic. (CONFIDENCE: MEDIUM).

2.4. Command and Control Effectiveness:

• Centralized Coordination: The synchronized nature of kinetic strikes with explicit, real-time psychological warfare and immediate propaganda dissemination (e.g., POW statements, targeting Ovechkin) continues to demonstrate effective centralized C2 for integrated multi-domain operations. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).
• IO Integration: The seamless and immediate integration of claims, justifications, and threats by Russian milbloggers and state media during ongoing strikes highlights a sophisticated and highly responsive IO apparatus, likely with direct or indirect guidance from higher command. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).

3. FRIENDLY FORCES

3.1. Ukrainian Force Posture and Readiness:

• Air Defense: Ukrainian AD remains on maximum alert and is actively engaged against multiple waves of Shaheds and cruise missiles targeting Kyiv and Odesa Oblasts. Confirmed impacts and damage in multiple Kyiv districts and confirmed fatalities/injuries in Odesa underscore the immense pressure on AD, but also indicate continued active defense and successful engagements leading to destruction of targets (e.g., missiles "minus"). The system is functioning under immense pressure. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).
• Ground Forces: Maintaining current defensive postures. Primary focus is on supporting AD efforts and managing consequences of strikes. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).
• Emergency Services: Ukrainian emergency services are demonstrating rapid and effective response to numerous incidents in Kyiv and Odesa, including fire suppression, casualty care, and rescue operations in urban environments. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).

3.2. Recent Tactical Successes or Setbacks:

• Successes:
  • Continued AD Performance: Active engagement against multiple waves of UAVs and cruise missiles, preventing even more widespread damage and casualties. The AD system is still functioning under immense pressure, with reported missile "minus" indicating successful interceptions.
  • Rapid Emergency Response: Multiple reports and visual evidence (RBC-Ukraine, ASTRA) of medics attending to injured, fire services responding to blazes, and rescue operations across Kyiv and Odesa demonstrate effective and rapid civilian emergency response.
  • Resilience: Despite continued attacks, Ukrainian forces and civilian authorities maintain operational control and continue to provide essential services.
• Setbacks:
  • Direct Hits & Casualties: Confirmed impacts and damage in multiple Kyiv districts (Darnytskyi, Shevchenkivskyi, Podilskyi, Obolonskyi, Solomianskyi), including residential buildings and non-residential premises, indicate significant penetration of AD in the capital. The confirmed death and three injuries in Odesa underscore the severe human cost of these attacks. The targeting of areas near a maternity hospital is particularly egregious.
  • Sustained Pressure: The ongoing, high-intensity air assault across Kyiv and Odesa continues to place immense strain on Ukrainian AD assets and personnel, leading to high expenditure of interceptors and increased risk of civilian casualties.

3.3. Resource Requirements and Constraints:

• Air Defense Munitions: Continued high rate of expenditure of AD interceptors, particularly for systems protecting Kyiv and Odesa, due to successive waves of mixed threats (drones, cruise missiles). Urgent resupply remains paramount. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).
• ISR Assets: Critical need for real-time BDA on strikes in Kyiv and Odesa to assess damage and casualties, identify specific targets, and to counter Russian disinformation. This includes full BDA on hit residential buildings and the mentioned maternity hospital. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).
• Emergency Response & Medical Support: The widespread damage and reported impacts in Kyiv and Odesa will necessitate significant emergency services, medical support, and psychological aid. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).
• Counter-IO: Immediate and robust counter-IO is required to refute Russian justifications for targeting civilian areas, to counter the increasingly depraved explicit threats, and to discredit false narratives from POWs. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).

4. INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT

4.1. Propaganda and Disinformation Campaigns:

• Escalated Psychological Warfare: Russian milbloggers (Colonelcassad, Два майора) continue direct, mocking, and dehumanizing rhetoric, linked to ongoing kinetic strikes, representing a significant and disturbing escalation in their explicit psychological intimidation tactics. The claim of impacts in "almost all districts" of Kyiv is likely an exaggeration designed to sow panic. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).
• Exploitation of Civilian Casualties: Russian sources are rapidly posting imagery of fires and explosions in Kyiv and Odesa, framing them as successful strikes, regardless of the actual munition or target, to reinforce their narrative of overwhelming power and demoralize the population. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).
• Exploitation of POWs: The TASS report citing a captured Ukrainian soldier claiming "genocide of the Ukrainian people" due to orders to hold positions is a deliberate psychological operation designed to undermine Ukrainian command and erode domestic support for the war effort. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).
• Discrediting Ukraine: The TASS report on Ovechkin being added to "Myrotvorets" is a transparent attempt to portray Ukraine as "extremist" and justify Russian aggression, likely for domestic consumption. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).
• Domestic Distraction: TASS reporting on the Vladivostok fishing vessel fire and internal legal cases (Tsimbaev) serves to fill domestic news cycles with non-war related content, or to highlight perceived instability in Western nations, serving as a distraction from the war. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).

4.2. Public Sentiment and Morale Factors:

• Ukrainian Morale:
  • Severe Strain: The direct, sustained air assault on Kyiv and Odesa, confirmed impacts in multiple districts, and the increasingly vulgar Russian IO will place immense strain on civilian morale and a sense of security. The confirmed injuries and damage to residential areas, especially the fatality in Odesa, will exacerbate this. The alleged targeting of a maternity hospital is designed to elicit strong emotional responses.
  • Resilience via AD & Response: Continued active AD engagements, rapid emergency response efforts, and successful interceptions will be crucial to counter negative morale impacts and demonstrate resilience.
• Russian Morale:
  • Reinforced Aggression: The aggressive and mocking tone of Russian IO aims to consolidate support among hardliners and demonize Ukraine, reinforcing their narrative of military necessity and success. The use of POWs for propaganda serves to reinforce their narrative of Ukrainian weakness and internal strife.

4.3. International Support and Diplomatic Developments:

• Heightened Condemnation: The ongoing mass air assault, particularly the explicit threats, confirmed strikes on civilian infrastructure, and the confirmed death and injuries in Odesa, will undoubtedly draw increased international condemnation and likely renewed calls for stronger support for Ukraine, including more advanced AD systems and interceptors. The alleged targeting near a maternity hospital will be leveraged by Ukraine for international support. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH).
• Internal Russian Measures: The dynamic opening/closing of airports in Russia might reflect internal pressure from the ongoing conflict and the need to balance security with civilian movement, or to test and refine rapid response protocols. (CONFIDENCE: MEDIUM)

5. PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS

5.1. Most Likely Enemy Courses of Action (MLCOA):

• Continued Massed Air Assault on Key Cities (Kyiv & Odesa Focus): Russia will likely continue its current high-intensity air assault, focusing heavily on Kyiv and Odesa and their surrounding oblasts, aiming to exhaust AD, inflict maximal civilian casualties, and degrade critical infrastructure. This will involve successive waves of Shahed UAVs mixed with cruise missiles. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH)
• Intensified, More Depraved Psychological Operations: Russian IO will continue its explicit psychological intimidation, directly naming target cities/districts, mocking Ukrainian AD, and rapidly generating justifications for strikes on civilian infrastructure, with increasingly grotesque and dehumanizing language. They will continue to amplify claims of Ukrainian losses and internal divisions, and exploit POWs for fabricated narratives. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH)
• Persistent Attritional Ground Operations: Ground assaults in Donetsk (Pokrovsk, Chasiv Yar) and limited probing actions on other axes (e.g., Sumy, Dnipropetrovsk) will continue with high intensity, maintaining pressure and attempting localized advances, supported by FAB glide bombs. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH)
• Continued Defensive Measures: Russia will maintain defensive measures against Ukrainian deep strikes, including dynamic airspace restrictions and AD deployments in border regions and key industrial areas. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH)

5.2. Most Dangerous Enemy Courses of Action (MDCOA):

• Sustained Precision Strikes on Key Civilian Infrastructure (Beyond Casualties): Russia targets and successfully degrades a critical node of Ukraine's national power grid, telecommunications network, or water supply system in a major urban area, leading to widespread, long-term civilian suffering and potentially disrupting C2. This would extend beyond immediate kinetic effects to long-term systemic collapse attempts. (CONFIDENCE: MEDIUM)
• Combined Arms Breakthrough on a Secondary Axis: Russia, having diverted Ukrainian AD and attention to the air campaign, attempts a coordinated ground offensive on a less defended secondary axis (e.g., Sumy or Dnipropetrovsk, beyond mere feints), committing significant force to establish a deeper salient. This could be coupled with further high-value FAB employment to soften defenses. (CONFIDENCE: MEDIUM)
• Expanded Use of Glide Bombs: Russia significantly escalates the use of FAB glide bombs against frontline cities and fortified positions, beyond current observed levels, causing devastating damage and increased civilian casualties in contested zones, and further straining Ukrainian defensive capabilities. (CONFIDENCE: MEDIUM)

5.3. Timeline Estimates and Decision Points:

• Next 2-6 Hours (Immediate Threat): The current mass air assault on Kyiv and Odesa, including ongoing Shahed and cruise missile threats, will likely persist in decreasing intensity. Ukrainian AD will remain heavily engaged. Decision points for Ukrainian command involve dynamic allocation of AD assets, immediate response to civilian casualties and damage, and urgent counter-IO. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH)
• Next 6-24 Hours: Expect follow-on waves of aerial attacks, potentially focusing on areas with perceived AD vulnerabilities or areas that have just been struck to hinder recovery efforts. Russian IO will rapidly consolidate narratives around the current strikes and POW statements. Ukrainian decision points will involve post-strike assessment, managing AD munition resupply, and immediate, aggressive counter-IO to manage domestic and international perception. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH)
• Next 24-48 Hours: Continued, but likely reduced, aerial harassment. Ground operations in Donetsk will remain high. Russian IO will persist with new, aggressive narratives. Ukrainian decision points will focus on strategic resupply of AD, assessing long-term impact on Russian capabilities from Ukrainian deep strikes, and further developing multi-layered counter-IO strategies. (CONFIDENCE: HIGH)

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6. RECOMMENDATIONS

• Air Defense & Force Protection:

  1. IMMEDIATE: Maintain maximum AD readiness for Kyiv, Kyiv Oblast, Odesa, and Odesa Oblast due to active Shahed and cruise missile threats. Prioritize protection of critical civilian infrastructure, particularly medical facilities (e.g., maternity hospitals), residential areas, and power grids.
  2. URGENT: Conduct rapid BDA for all reported impacts in Kyiv (Darnytskyi, Shevchenkivskyi, Podilskyi, Obolonskyi, Solomianskyi) and Odesa. This information is critical for humanitarian response, legal documentation of war crimes, and counter-IO. Focus on verifying details of the Odesa maternity hospital report.
  3. CRITICAL: Re-evaluate AD asset allocation based on the ongoing mass attacks and explicit Russian threats against Kyiv and Odesa. Expedite emergency requests for additional interceptor munitions, emphasizing the high expenditure rate on mixed drone and missile threats.
  4. TACTICAL ADAPTATION: Continue to adapt tactical AD employment (e.g., mobile AD teams, counter-drone technologies) to mitigate saturation attacks by cheap UAVs and conserve high-value interceptors, while optimizing for cruise missile threats.
  5. FORCE PROTECTION: Ensure emergency services and first responders are adequately protected during ongoing attacks, particularly in areas prone to repeat strikes or falling debris. Provide necessary equipment for working in hazardous post-strike environments (e.g., personal protective equipment, lighting).

• Ground Forces:

  1. ONGOING: Maintain robust defensive postures on all active fronts, especially in Donetsk. No new ground developments require immediate changes in force posture, but vigilance on secondary axes (Sumy, Dnipropetrovsk) against Russian feints or opportunistic advances is crucial.
  2. URGENT: Analyze Russian FAB glide bomb employment patterns to identify potential targets for future ground offensive operations and adjust defensive formations or counter-fire plans accordingly.

• Intelligence & Special Operations:

  1. IMMEDIATE/CRITICAL: Continue all-source ISR to track Russian UAV and cruise missile launch sites, flight paths, and coordination with IO to identify patterns and potential weaknesses.
  2. URGENT: Prioritize BDA on the Odesa residential building and maternity hospital strikes to confirm the nature of the incidents and their relation to ongoing strikes. This is crucial for accurate damage assessment, attribution, and international condemnation.
  3. URGENT: Continue to monitor Russian internal responses to Ukrainian deep strikes (e.g., airport closures, reported UAV destructions in Voronezh) to assess their defensive capabilities and potential resource diversion.
  4. ONGOING: Continue the deep strike campaign against Russian military-industrial targets and logistics to degrade their ability to sustain such large-scale aerial assaults. Prioritize targets impacting missile, drone, and glide bomb production/launch capabilities.

• Information Operations:

  1. IMMEDIATE: Launch an aggressive, international counter-IO campaign condemning the deliberate targeting of civilian infrastructure and residential areas in Kyiv and Odesa, including the alleged targeting of a maternity hospital. Rapidly disseminate verifiable evidence (photos of damage, emergency responders, injured civilians, fatalities) from all affected districts. Highlight the explicit justification of this attack by Russian milbloggers as irrefutable evidence of deliberate targeting of civilians and a profound moral depravity. Emphasize the direct contradiction with international law and norms.
  2. IMMEDIATE: Publicly address and condemn Russia's explicit psychological threats against Kyiv and other cities, emphasizing these as acts of state terror and deliberate psychological warfare against civilian populations. Explicitly call out and translate the vulgar and dehumanizing statements made by Russian milbloggers to expose their true intent.
  3. URGENT: Expose and refute Russian propaganda narratives, particularly those exploiting POWs (e.g., Oleg Konstantinov's statement), by presenting evidence of Russian war crimes, human rights abuses, and the true cost of their aggression.
  4. URGENT: Continue to widely publicize the efforts of Ukrainian AD and emergency services in mitigating damage and saving lives during ongoing mass attacks to maintain domestic morale and international confidence. Be transparent about impacts while highlighting resilience.
  5. ONGOING: Counter Russian attempts to sow internal divisions by consistently redirecting focus to Russian war crimes, human rights abuses, and the costs of their aggression. Proactively refute narratives such as "Myrotvorets equals extremism" by clarifying its purpose and highlighting individuals' support for aggression.
  6. STRATEGIC: Analyze and counter Russian efforts to divert international attention through narratives about Western internal issues (e.g., US protests, domestic Russian incidents). Frame these as desperate attempts to deflect from their own war crimes and battlefield failures.