Special Operations Forces
Identification
The record best matches Russia’s Special Operations Forces (SSO) under the General Staff rather than a single base. Russia publicly acknowledged the formation of this force on 6 March 2013, public Western government materials identify Major General Valery Flyustikov as the force commander, and a Canadian defense publication places the command around Kubinka-2. ([interfax.ru](https://www.interfax.ru/russia/294142?utm_source=openai))
Kubinka-2 hub
Kubinka-2 is a verified core SSO site. Official local documents place military unit 01355 on Ulitsa Generala Votintseva in Kubinka, EGRUL-based registration data list unit 01355 at Generala Votintseva 27, and court/procurement records describe long-running construction of a “center for training servicemen” for unit 01355 at Kubinka-2. These records support Kubinka-2 as the force’s main command/training hub, though the exact headquarters building is not publicly confirmed. ([odinweek.ru](https://odinweek.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/archive/On_92025.pdf))
Senezh cluster
The Solnechnogorsk/Senezh side of the network is also well corroborated. Solnechnogorsk municipal acts place unit 92154 at Solnechnogorsk-2 and list units 43292 and 99457 in the Senezh complex, while registration data place unit 43292 in Redino, quarter “Senezh.” This matches the supplied placemarks for Special Purpose Center “Senezh” and the SOF training center as part of one Moscow Oblast cluster. ([solreg.ru](https://solreg.ru/files/2024/03/07/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%20%E2%84%96%209%20%2813274%29%207%20%D0%9C%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%A2%D0%90%202024%20%D0%93%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%90.pdf?utm_source=openai))
Mission
Russian public descriptions present SSO as a high-mobility force for special actions such as reconnaissance-sabotage, counterterrorism, counterdiversion and related missions, while also noting that official data on its internal structure and strength are not published. TASS further reports that Russian commanders acknowledged SSO use in Syria for target reconnaissance and guidance of air strikes, and in February 2025 Putin said the force would continue receiving new weapons, communications and electronic-warfare equipment. ([tass.ru](https://tass.ru/info/2698954))
00317 ambiguity
The placemarks for the 561st Emergency Rescue Center / unit 00317 are not corroborated at the supplied coordinates. Public registration data place unit 00317 in Sevastopol on Ulitsa Katernaya, and military reference reporting places the 561st center at Cape Khersones; because open sources also describe it in naval rescue/diver terms, its exact relationship to the General Staff’s SSO is not publicly settled. ([companies.rbc.ru](https://companies.rbc.ru/id/1159204023880-federalnoe-gosudarstvennoe-kazennoe-uchrezhdenie-federalnoe-kazennoe-uchrezhdenie-vojskovaya-chast-00317/))