Main Missile and Artillery Directorate (GRAU)
Organizational Overview
The Main Missile and Artillery Directorate (GRAU) is a central component of the Russian Ministry of Defence, responsible for the oversight, procurement, storage, maintenance, and distribution of missile, rocket, and artillery armaments and ammunition. Headquartered in Moscow and commanded by Lieutenant General Nikolay Parshin, the GRAU manages a vast network of arsenals, ammunition bases, and training centers, ensuring the operational readiness and logistical support of Russia's missile and artillery forces.
Location Analysis
GRAU's infrastructure is geographically dispersed across the Russian Federation, with facilities strategically positioned to support both western and eastern military districts. The headquarters in Moscow functions as the command and control hub. Key arsenals such as the 100th (military unit 55486), 101st (55448), and 104th (34581) are situated in proximity to major transportation networks, facilitating rapid deployment and resupply. The distribution of sites, including the 120th (42696), 54th (68586), and 70th (92922) arsenals, reflects a deliberate approach to redundancy and survivability in the event of conflict.
Infrastructure Capabilities
GRAU-managed sites encompass a range of facilities, from large-scale arsenals to specialized ammunition bases and training centers. These installations are equipped with hardened storage bunkers, advanced security systems, and logistics infrastructure capable of handling high volumes of ordnance. The 1215th Central Artillery Ammunition Base (75226) and the 2652th Artillery Armament and Ammunition Base (09956) serve as central repositories for munitions, supporting both peacetime stockpiling and wartime distribution. The 721st Training Center (41026) provides specialized instruction in handling, maintenance, and deployment of missile and artillery systems.
Command and Control Structure
The GRAU operates under a centralized command structure, with Lieutenant General Nikolay Parshin exercising direct oversight of subordinate units. Each arsenal and base is designated by a unique military unit number, reflecting a hierarchical chain of command. This structure ensures standardized procedures for inventory management, security protocols, and emergency response. Coordination between the headquarters and regional facilities is maintained through secure communications networks, enabling rapid dissemination of orders and operational updates.
Operational Readiness and Security
GRAU facilities maintain high levels of operational readiness, with regular inspections, maintenance cycles, and security drills. Arsenals such as the 13th (64531), 23rd (71628), and 75th (42708) are subject to stringent access controls and surveillance measures. The abandonment of the 59th Arsenal (42697) indicates ongoing restructuring and consolidation efforts, likely aimed at optimizing resource allocation and reducing vulnerabilities. Security protocols are continuously updated in response to evolving threats, including sabotage, espionage, and cyber-attacks.
Logistical and Strategic Significance
The extensive network of GRAU arsenals and ammunition bases underpins the Russian military's ability to sustain prolonged operations and respond to emergent contingencies. Facilities such as the 68th Arsenal (30184), 94th Arsenal (63779), and the Missile Arsenal (67877) are integral to the storage and distribution of both conventional and advanced munitions. The presence of dedicated weapons depots (e.g., military unit 74059) enhances the Directorate's capacity to support rapid mobilization and force projection across multiple theaters.
Recent Developments and Trends
Recent years have seen increased investment in the modernization of GRAU infrastructure, including the refurbishment of storage facilities and the introduction of automated inventory management systems. The decommissioning of outdated sites, such as the 59th Arsenal, reflects a broader trend toward consolidation and efficiency. Enhanced training programs at the 721st Training Center and the integration of new missile and artillery systems indicate a sustained focus on force modernization and technological advancement within the Directorate.