Counterintelligence Activities Coordination and Analysis Office
Geographical Distribution of Russian Military Sites
Russian military sites are strategically distributed across the vast expanse of the Russian Federation, with concentrations in the Western Military District, Central Military District, Southern Military District, and Eastern Military District. Key facilities are located near major urban centers such as Moscow and St. Petersburg, as well as in proximity to international borders, including the Kaliningrad exclave, Crimea, and the Far East. This distribution enables rapid force projection, territorial defense, and support for expeditionary operations.
Infrastructure Capabilities
Russian military infrastructure encompasses a comprehensive network of air bases, naval ports, missile silos, radar stations, and logistics hubs. Major air bases such as Engels-2 and Shaykovka support strategic bomber operations, while naval facilities in Severomorsk and Vladivostok enable deployment of the Northern and Pacific Fleets. Ground force installations are equipped with hardened shelters, ammunition depots, and advanced command-and-control centers, ensuring sustained operational readiness.
Strategic Missile Forces Facilities
The Russian Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) operate a series of fortified missile bases, primarily located in central and eastern Russia to maximize survivability. Facilities such as Kozelsk, Tatishchevo, and Vypolzovo house silo-based and mobile intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), including the RS-24 Yars and RS-28 Sarmat systems. These sites are protected by layered air defense systems and are supported by dedicated maintenance and security units.
Naval Installations and Capabilities
Naval installations are concentrated in four main fleets: Northern, Pacific, Baltic, and Black Sea. The Northern Fleet, headquartered in Severomorsk, maintains nuclear-powered submarines and surface combatants, supporting Russia’s strategic deterrence posture. The Black Sea Fleet, based in Sevastopol, has been significantly modernized since 2014, enhancing power projection in the Mediterranean and supporting operations in Syria. Facilities are equipped with shipyards, repair docks, and advanced anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) systems.
Air Defense and Early Warning Sites
Russia maintains an extensive network of air defense and early warning installations, including S-400 and S-500 surface-to-air missile sites, as well as Voronezh and Daryal radar stations. These assets are positioned to provide overlapping coverage of critical regions and to detect and track potential aerial and missile threats. The integration of these systems with command-and-control nodes enhances the responsiveness and resilience of Russian airspace defense.
Research, Development, and Testing Facilities
Key research and testing facilities are located at Kapustin Yar, Plesetsk Cosmodrome, and the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI). These sites support the development and validation of advanced weaponry, including hypersonic missiles, unmanned systems, and electronic warfare technologies. Security at these locations is stringent, with restricted access and multi-layered surveillance measures.
Logistics and Support Infrastructure
The Russian military logistics network includes large-scale depots, fuel storage facilities, and railheads, enabling the rapid mobilization and sustainment of forces. Centralized supply bases in regions such as Bryansk, Orenburg, and Rostov-on-Don facilitate the distribution of materiel and equipment to forward-deployed units. Recent modernization efforts have focused on improving the resilience of supply chains and the automation of inventory management.
Counterintelligence and Security Measures
Counterintelligence operations at Russian military sites are coordinated by the Main Directorate of the General Staff (GRU) and the Federal Security Service (FSB), with oversight from specialized offices such as the Counterintelligence Activities Coordination and Analysis Office. Security protocols include electronic surveillance, personnel vetting, and physical barriers. Vice Admiral Alexander Roshchupkin currently oversees the implementation of counterintelligence measures, ensuring the integrity of sensitive installations and the prevention of espionage.