1st State Testing Cosmodrome (Plesetsk)
Location Analysis
The 1st State Testing Cosmodrome, commonly known as Plesetsk Cosmodrome, is situated in the Arkhangelsk Oblast near the town of Mirnyy. Its geographic position, approximately 800 kilometers north of Moscow, provides strategic advantages for launching payloads into polar and sun-synchronous orbits. The remote location enhances operational security and reduces the risk of collateral damage in the event of launch failures. The surrounding dense forests and limited civilian infrastructure contribute to the site's concealment and controlled access.
Headquarters and Command Structure
The headquarters of the Plesetsk Cosmodrome is located in Mirnyy, Arkhangelsk Oblast. The site operates under the jurisdiction of the Russian Aerospace Forces, with a hierarchical command structure that integrates multiple specialized military units. The presence of the 98th Communications Center (military unit 32175) ensures robust command, control, and communications capabilities, facilitating coordination among subordinate engineering, technical, and security elements.
Engineering and Testing Capabilities
Plesetsk hosts several separate engineering test sections, including the 2nd (military unit 30107), 8th (military unit 01349), 16th (military unit 14056), 17th (military unit 63551), 29th (military unit 13973), 83rd (military unit 25922), and 229th (military unit 14003) units. These sections are responsible for the preparation, assembly, and testing of space launch vehicles and associated systems. Their functions encompass pre-launch integration, system diagnostics, and post-launch analysis, ensuring the reliability and effectiveness of space and missile assets.
Technical Support and Maintenance
The Separate Repair Base (military unit 57334) and the 37th Separate Air Base Maintenance Battalion (military unit 34185) provide comprehensive technical support for the cosmodrome's infrastructure and equipment. Their responsibilities include the maintenance and repair of launch complexes, ground support equipment, and airfield assets. These units ensure operational readiness and minimize downtime between launches or test activities.
Measurement and Tracking Facilities
The 3rd Measuring Point (military unit 12403) is tasked with telemetry, tracking, and data acquisition during launch operations. This facility employs advanced radar, optical, and radio-frequency systems to monitor the trajectory and performance of space vehicles. Accurate measurement capabilities are critical for mission success and post-mission analysis, supporting both civilian and military space programs.
Testing and Evaluation Center
The 205th Test Center (military unit 85907) serves as the primary hub for the evaluation of new technologies, launch vehicles, and payloads. It conducts comprehensive testing protocols, including environmental simulations, functional checks, and integrated system trials. The center's activities are pivotal in certifying hardware for operational deployment and in supporting research and development initiatives within the Russian space and missile forces.
Railway and Logistical Support
The 478th Separate Technical Railway Battalion (military unit 42643) manages the transportation of heavy and oversized cargo, including rocket components, fuel, and support equipment. The dedicated railway infrastructure facilitates efficient logistics, enabling the timely delivery of materials to various launch pads and support facilities. This capability is essential for sustaining high operational tempos and supporting large-scale launch campaigns.
Security and Access Control
The 40th Separate Security Battalion (military unit 42651) is responsible for the physical security of the cosmodrome, including perimeter defense, access control, and rapid response to security incidents. The unit employs a combination of personnel, surveillance systems, and physical barriers to safeguard sensitive assets and prevent unauthorized entry. Security protocols are regularly updated to address emerging threats.
Operational and Technical Support
The 75th Separate Operational and Technical Battalion (military unit 42670) provides essential operational support, including the management of technical documentation, operational planning, and the coordination of launch activities. The battalion ensures that all technical and procedural requirements are met, contributing to the overall efficiency and safety of cosmodrome operations.